The /etc/shadow file stores the actual password in encrypted format using a hash (salted) function for the user's account with additional properties related to the user passwords, such as password expiration date or password aging. The /etc/passwd stores usernames and their properties, such as home directory, login shell, and more. The password expiration information for a user is contained in the last six fields. The Linux password expiration for a select user can be disabled by editing the /etc/shadow file. However, I recommend using the chage command for safety reasons. The chage command changes the number of days between password changes and the last password change date. The Linux system uses this information to determine when users must change their passwords.
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