For the last couple of days I noticed that instead of getting notifications with previews from Gmail on my iPhone, I would see a banner with the Gmail icon that said “You have a new message.” This forced me to open the Gmail app every time this notification would appear on my screen in order to see who sent me the Gmail. I have no idea what brought this on and after doing some research, it appears that this is an issue that is more widespread than I originally thought.
To get your Gmail notification previews back, disable Gmail notifications, turn off your iPhone, turn on your iPhone, and enable Gmail notifications
After a minute or two, turn your iPhone back on and follow the directions above to return to the Email notifications in Gmail. This time, select from either All new mail or High priority only. Hit the Done button in the upper right corner, and that is it. You will get Gmail notifications with previews once again. And to reiterate, this morning I was getting the notifications without the previews. After trying the fix, previews returned to my Gmail notifications.